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We introduce a systematic method to derive the effective action for domain walls directly from the scalar field theory that gives rise to their solitonic solutions. The effective action for the Goldstone mode, which characterizes the soliton’s position, is shown to consist of the Nambu-Goto action supplemented by higher-order curvature invariants associated to its worldvolume metric. Our approach constrains the corrections to a finite set of Galileon terms, specifying both their functional forms and the procedure to compute their coefficients. We do a collection of tests across various models in 2 +1 and 3 +1 dimensions that confirm the validity of this framework. Additionally, the method is extended to include bound scalar fields living on the world sheet, along with their couplings to the Goldstone mode. These interactions reveal a universal nonminimal coupling of these scalar fields to the Ricci scalar on the world sheet. A significant consequence of this coupling is the emergence of a parametric instability, driven by interactions between the bound states and the Goldstone mode. 

The repository link contains a README which gives an overview of the files along with the structure of the data.  Additionally, for LLAMA and GPT2, the files are in human_{llm_name}{i}.jsonl format where {llm} is the name of the LLM and {i} is the partition of the file and which can be concatenated to form the full dataset for that llm. 

This file contains data tables representing gravitational wave backgrounds (GWBs) produced by Nambu-Goto cosmic strings evolved under numerical gravitational backreaction. The GWBs were produced using the methodology of "More accurate gravitational wave backgrounds from cosmic strings" [to appear], by the same authors as this dataset. The file is organized in three columns: The base-10 logarithm of the string coupling to gravity, G\mu. The range is from -8 to -22 in steps of -0.1. The frequency in Hz, f. The range is from 10^(-12) Hz to 10^5 Hz in multiplicative steps of 10^(0.02). The critical energy density fraction in gravitational waves scaled by the dimensionless Hubble constant squared, \Omega_{gw} h^2. 

This file contains a data table representing the average power spectrum, P_n, of Nambu-Goto cosmic strings evolved under numerical gravitational backreaction. The power spectra and the methods used to produce them are reported on in "Numerical gravitational backreaction on cosmic string loops from simulation" [to appear], by the same authors as this dataset. See Fig. 5 of that paper for a visualization. The file is organized in three columns: The fraction of evaporation, chi. The range is from 0.0 to 0.7 in steps of 0.1. The mode number, n. The range is from 2^0 to 2^39 in multiplicative steps of 2. The logarithmically binned elements of the power spectrum, nP_n. Bin edges are 2^i to 2^(i+1)-1 for i from 0 to 39. 

Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) is a neural source signal that is extensively used in neuroengineering due to its non-invasive nature and ease of collection. However, a drawback to the use of EEG is the prevalence of physiological artifacts generated by eye movements and eye blinks that contaminate the brain signals. Previously, we have proposed and validated an H ∞ -based Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) technique for the real-time identification, learning and removal of eye blinks, eye motions, amplitude drifts and recording biases from EEG simultaneously. However, the standard electroocu- lography (EOG) electrode configuration requires four elec- trodes for EOG measurement, which limits its applicability for reduced-channel mobile applications, such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Here, we assess multiple configurations with varying number of EOG electrodes and compare the ANC effectiveness of these configurations to the ideal four-electrode configuration. From an analysis of the root mean squared error (RMSE) and differences in signal to noise ratios (SNR) between the ideal four-electrode case and the alternative configurations, it is reported that several three-electrode alternative configu- rations were effective in essentially replicating the ability to remove EOG artifacts in an experimental cohort of ten healthy subjects. For nine subjects, it was shown that only two to three EOG electrodes were needed to achieve similar performance as compared to the four-electrode case. This study demonstrates that the typical four-electrode configuration for EOG recordings for adaptive noise cancellation of ocular artifacts may not be necessary; by using the proposed new EOG configurations it is possible to improve electrode allocation efficiency for EOG measurements in mobile EEG applications. 

Abstract We perform a detailed comparison of the dynamics of cosmic stringloops obtained in cosmological field theory simulations with their expected motion according to theNambu-Goto action. We demonstrate that these loops follow thetrajectories predicted within the NG effective theory except in regionsof high curvature where energy is emitted from the loop in the form of massiveradiation. This energy loss continues for all the loopsstudied in this simulation until they self-intersect or become small enough that they annihilateand disappear well before they complete a single oscillation. We comment on the relevance of thisinvestigation to the interpretation of the results from cosmological field theory simulationsas well as their extrapolation to a cosmological context.